Sensors are the medium through which various physical objects are connected through the Internet. IoT platforms function and deliver various kinds of intelligence and data using a variety of sensors. The world has gone digital and “smarter” through the interconnection of things via the Internet through sensors.
What Sensors Are:
Just as our five sense organs—sense of sight, of hearing, of touch, of smell, and of taste—allow us to perceive the world, sensors are devices that allow machines and humans operating the machines to make sense of the world.
Simply explained, a sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number of other environmental phenomena.
The BMP280/BME280 sensor, an I2C sensor, is used to measure barometric (also known as atmospheric) pressure.
What IoT Is:
Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices that are connected via the Internet, which facilitates interchange and exchange of data.
Thus, sensors serve a big role to establish IoT. The various types of sensors used inIoT may be discussed as follows:
Temperature Sensors
Commonly used in devices like A/C control and refrigerators, IoT has extended their use to manufacturing processes, agriculture, and health industry. For example: Temperature and humidity data can be read from DHT11 sensor and this data can be uploaded to a ThinkSpeak cloud using Arduino Uno and ESP8266 module.
Proximity Sensors
Proximity sensors are best to detect motion. These sensors find their use in retail industry to detect special offers of nearby products, to check parking availability in parking lots, and so on. For example: Waste bin sensors, like MB7138 XL-Trash Sonar-WRM, are the most effective to know exactly what is happening inside a waste container.
Pressure Sensors
A pressure sensor is a device that senses pressure and converts it into an electric signal. For example: KELLER pressure sensors detect flood water levels or changes in load distribution in bridges, thereby alerting emergency services when flooding is imminent or when a bridge’s structural health is compromised.Pressure Systems Series 960, 970, Paroscientific Inc. Series 1000, 2000, 6000, Environdata BP10 Series are some of the most commonly used pressure sensors in industrial IoT applications.
Water Quality Sensors
Such sensors are used to detect the water quality and Ion monitoring primarily in water distribution system. They find use in a variety of industries. For example: The oxygen-reduction potential sensor provides insights into the level of oxidation/reduction reactions occurring in the solution.
Chemical Sensors
They are extensively used in industrial environmental monitoring and process control, intentionally or accidentally released harmful chemical detection, explosive and radioactive detection, recycling processes on Space Station, pharma industries and laboratory, and so on.
Gas Sensors
Gas sensors find there use in industries for purposes like detection of hazardous gases, chemical industry research, manufacturing industry, and so on. Carbon dioxide sensor, breathalyzer, hydrogen sensor, ozone monitor, electrochemical gas sensor, gas detector, hygrometer, air pollution sensors are some gas sensors commonly used.
Smoke Sensors
Smoke sensors detect the presence of smoke, gases, and flame surrounding their field. It can be detected either optically or by the physical process or by the use of both the methods. Common types of smoke sensors are:
IR Sensors
An infrared sensor is a sensor which is used to sense certain characteristics of its surroundings by either emitting or detecting infrared radiation. It is also capable of measuring the heat being emitted by the objects.Asahi Kasei Microdevices (AKM), Murata, Melexis MLX90614, Intersil ISL29021 are among the few IOT IR sensors used in industries.
They are now used in a variety of IoT projects, especially in Healthcare as they make monitoring of blood flow and blood pressure simple. They are even used in a wide array of regular smart devices such as smartwatches and smartphones as well. Other common use includes home appliances & remote control, breath analysis, infrared vision (i.e., visualize heat leaks in electronics, monitor blood flow, art historians to see under layers of paint), wearable electronics, optical communication, non-contact based temperature measurements, automotive blind-angle detection.
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