A sensor node is made up of four basic components such as sensing unit, processing unit, transceiver unit, and a power unit.
It also has application dependent additional components such as a location finding system, a power generator, and a mobilizer.
Sensing units are usually composed of two subunits: sensors and analog to digital converters (ADCs).
The analog signals produced by the sensors are converted to digital signals by the ADC, and then fed into the processing unit. The processing unit is generally associated with a small storage unit and it can manage the procedures that make the sensor node collaborate with the other nodes to carry out the assigned sensing tasks. A transceiver unit connects the node to the network. One of the most important components of a sensor node is the power unit. Power units can be supported by a power scavenging unit such as solar cells. The other subunits, of the node are application dependent.
The components of a sensor node
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